Positive association between dietary manganese intake and new-onset hypertension: A nationwide cohort study in China

Background and aim: To date, few studies have investigated the association between dietary manganese intake and the risk of hypertension, so the prospective relationship of dietary manganese intake and new -onset hypertension remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate the association between dietary manganese intake and the risk of new -onset hypertension in the general Chinese population. Methods and results: This prospective cohort study included 12,177 participants who were free of hypertension at baseline from China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). Dietary intake was measured by 3 consecutive 24-h dietary recalls combined with a household food inventory. The study outcome was new -onset hypertension, de fined as systolic blood pressure >= 140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure >= 90 mm Hg or diagnosed by a physician or under antihypertensive treatment during the follow-up. During a median follow-up duration of 6.1 years, 4269 (44.9 per 1000 person -years) participants developed new -onset hypertension. Overall, there was a positive association between dietary manganese intake and new -onset hypertension. The adjusted HRs (95%CIs) of new -onset hypertension were 1.00 (reference), 0.97 (0.87, 1.08), 1.24 (1.10, 1.39) and 1.75 (1.52, 2.01) across the quartiles of dietary manganese intake, respectively. Accordingly, a signi ficantly higher risk of new -onset hypertension (HR, 1.38; 95%CI: 1.27, 1.50) was found in participants in quartiles 3-4 of dietary manganese intake (>= 6.0 mg/day), compared with those in quartiles 1-2 ( <6.0 mg/day). Conclusions: In the general Chinese population, dietary manganese intake was positively associated with the risk of new hypertension, independent of sodium intake and other important covariates. (c) 2023 The Italian Diabetes Society, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.