Improving Outcomes in Nosocomial Pneumonia: Recent Evidence and More Challenges

被引:0
|
作者
Masri, Ihab H. [1 ]
Busack, Bethany [2 ]
Shorr, Andrew F. [1 ]
机构
[1] Medstar Washington Hosp Ctr, Pulm & Crit Care Med, Washington, DC 20010 USA
[2] Univ Michigan West, Crit Care Med, Wyoming, MI USA
来源
PATHOGENS | 2024年 / 13卷 / 06期
关键词
antibiotic; diagnosis; mechanical ventilation; microbiology; pneumonia; prevention; resistance; VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA; ATTRIBUTABLE MORTALITY; BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA; UNITED-STATES; DOUBLE-BLIND; RESISTANT; SAFETY; SULBACTAM; EFFICACY; THERAPY;
D O I
10.3390/pathogens13060495
中图分类号
Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 100705 ;
摘要
Nosocomial pneumonia (NP) represents a leading nosocomial infection and results in substantial morbidity and cost. Over the last several years, the evidence has evolved which directs our approach to NP. Specifically, the definition of NP and classification of its various subtypes has expanded to capture nuances among various phenotypes of this syndrome. For example, segregating those with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) based on whether they subsequently require mechanical ventilation has been shown to be important. Likewise, newer data indicate the true economic cost of NP and underscore the diverse range of pathogens that can cause NP. Moreover, multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria have become a major threat in NP. Fortunately, newer simple preventive strategies have been tested and found to be effective at reducing the incidence of NP. Should prevention fail, a range of new antibiotics have been formally studied in NP and found to be effective. Some of these novel agents have relatively broad ranges of activity and are in vitro active against select MDR organisms. Others, however, are narrower in spectrum and directed against specific problem bacteria. In short, the literature in the field of NP has progressed rapidly, and clinicians require a clear appreciation of these changes so as to improve patient outcomes.
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页数:13
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