Visual Performance and Sports: A Scoping Review

Vision is central to success in nearly all sports, and there is an emerging body of research investigating the links between visual abilities and athletic performance. This preregistered scoping review seeks to clarify the topics of study, methodologies used, populations under investigation, researchers, and disciplines driving this fi eld. Systematic searches of English-language articles were conducted in PubMed and Web of Science, with additional literature identi fi ed through bibliographic searches. Six hundred sixty-seven articles published between 1976 and 2023 were identi fi ed with 547 empirical studies, 58 review articles, 20 commentaries, and 4 meta-analyses, among others. Among the empirical papers, 411 reported on visual assessments and 98 on vision training interventions. The most represented sports included baseball, soccer, basketball, and cricket, with over 150 articles reporting on professional, elite, or Olympic athletes. This scoping review describes the breadth of this emerging fi eld, identi fi es its strengths and weaknesses, and provides recommendations for future improvement.