Radiative and Lorentz's effects on MHD free convective mass and heat transfer time-dependent nanofluid flow across vertical perforated plate

The current study investigates the effects of thermal radiation and Lorentz's force on heat and mass flow in a nanofluid with a magnetic field and free convection, as it passes over a vertical permeable sheet. The dominant PDEs are turned into linked nonlinear ODEs using an appropriate similarity transformation. Using the MATLAB ODE45 tool, dimensionless ODEs are numerically computed using the finite difference procedure. Four different water-based nanofluids are considered, including copper, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, and silver. The influence of emerging dimensionless numbers and other parameters, such as the magnetic force parameter, the radiation parameter, the suction parameter, the Prandtl number, the Schmidt number, the Dufour number, as well as for constant values of the modified local Grashof number and local Grashof number on the concentration, velocity, and temperature profiles is emphasized and mentioned. Moreover, the visual representation of the effects of a volume percentage of up to 4% copper nanoparticles on the distributions of concentration, temperature, and velocity is also shown. The temperature profile, concentration profile, and velocity profile all grow with an increase in the volume percent of copper nanoparticles between 0.00 and 0.04. Furthermore, numerous scenarios are investigated for the distributions of the local Sherwood number, the local Nusselt number, and the local skin friction coefficient. The local Nusselt number decreases, and the local skin friction coefficient and Sherwood number increase about by 30 %, 45 %, and 60 % respectively due to increasing the value of volume fraction from 0 % to 4 %. The local skin friction coefficient increases and the local Nusselt number decreases by about 15 % and 39 % respectively for rising values of the thermal radiation number from 0.5 to 3.5. In addition, for magnetic force parameter values between 0.5 and 4.0, the local skin friction coefficient drops by about 13 %.