Millimeter-wave end-fire dual-polarized frequency scanning antenna using LTCC technology

This letter proposes a millimeter-wave dual-polarized (DP) end-fire frequency scanning antenna utilizing low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology. The antenna features DP radiating elements, each comprising a quasi-Yagi antenna for horizontal polarization (H-pol) and a pyramidal horn antenna for vertical polarization (V-pol). These elements are excited via a mode-composited transmission line (MCTL), integrating substrate integrated coaxial line (TEM mode) with substrate integrated waveguide (TE10 mode). To mitigate phase imbalances between polarizations during beam scanning, a delay line is embedded in each quasi-Yagi element, ensuring consistent scanning ranges for the two polarizations. Furthermore, the implementation of amplitude weighting in the feeding networks contributes to the enhancement of antenna efficiency. A 1 x 8-element prototype was fabricated and its performance is assessed. The results show closely matched beam scanning ranges for the two polarizations (+/- 28 degrees for H-pol and -30 degrees to +34 degrees for V-pol) across the 26-29 GHz frequency band, with a measured maximum peak gain exceeding 9.2 dBi for both polarizations. The proposed design emerges as a promising candidate for compact mmW frequency scanning front-end antenna systems. This letter detailed an mmW end-fire dual-polarized frequency scanning antenna (FSA) featuring a quasi-Yagi and pyramidal horn antenna combination, excited by a mode-composited transmission line (MCTL).The design is realized through the application of low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology and characterized by closely matched DP beam scanning ranges. image