Accelerated aging and frailty in cardiovascular diseases

<正>Aging is the greatest risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD),which is the most common cause of death in European countries.[1]It is estimated that during the period from 2020 to 2022,there were 9.0%more excess deaths from CVD than expected.[2]By 2030,approximately 20%of the population will be aged 65 years and older,and CVD will account for 40%of deaths in this age group,[3]imposing a significant burden on the healthcare system and society as a whole.Aging is related to frailty,which represents the dynamic progression of physical and physiological decline in older adults.Frailty limits an individual’s ability to recover from acute stressors and serves as a predictor of clinical adverse outcomes.Despite the uncertainties in screening,assessing,and managing frailty in clinical practice,emphasizing the connections between frailty,aging,and CVD will provide new insights for the prediction,prevention and management of CVD in the aging population.