Emerging mechanisms of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and novel drug therapies

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) has become a leading cause of chronic liver disease globally. It initiates with simple steatosis(NAFL) and can progress to the more severe condition of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH). NASH often advances to end-stage liver diseases such as liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Notably, the transition from NASH to end-stage liver diseases is irreversible, and the precise mechanisms driving this progression are not yet fully understood.Consequently, there is a critical need for the development of effective therapies to arrest or reverse this progression. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathogenesis of NASH, examines the current therapeutic targets and pharmacological treatments, and offers insights for future drug discovery and development strategies for NASH therapy.