Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) is a porous crystalline material formed by coordination and self-assembly of Zn(Ⅱ) and 2-methylimidazole. In recent years, ZIF-8 and its derived materials have shown great potential in the treatment of water pollution due to the special features of huge specific surface area, excellent pore structure and abundant surface functional groups. Frist of all the research progress of ZIF-8 and its derivatives in the field of water treatment, especially in heavy metal adsorption, nuclear pollution treatment, radioactive iodine capture, antibiotic adsorption, oil-water separation, dye degradation and water environment monitoring, in recent years was introduced and reviewed. Subsequently, the main working mechanism and influence factors, such as water stability, environmental factors, were analyzed. At last, the development and application of ZIF-8 and its derived materials were prospected. © 2022, Editorial Office of FINE CHEMICALS. All right reserved.