The Relationship between Grandparents' Violent Discipline and School Bullying Behavior among Left-behind Children

Most left-behind children in rural China are raised by their grandparents, whose parenting style significantly impacts children's development. This study examined the association between grandparents' violent discipline and left-behind children's school bullying. This cross-sectional study recruited a sample of 462 left-behind children aged 10 to 15 years old (Age Mean = 12.372, 49.351% girls) from four rural primary and junior high schools in Chongqing, China. There was a significant positive association between corporal punishment (beta = .236, p < .001) and psychological aggression (beta = .272, p < .001) of grandparents and children's school bullying. Empathy and moral disengagement mediate the above association. Cross-gender comparisons indicated that corporal punishment had a greater positive relationship with school bullying in boys than girls (beta(girls) = .154, p < .01; beta(boys) = .250, p < .001). At the same time, boys' moral disengagement was also more likely to lead to school bullying (beta(girls) = .233, p < .001; beta(boys) = .337, p < .001). We discuss the implications of these findings for preventing bullying in schools for children left behind.