3D model watermarking using surface integrals of generated random vector fields

We propose a new semi-blind semi-fragile watermarking algorithm for authenticating triangulated 3D models using the surface integrals of generated random vector fields. Watermark data is embedded into the flux of a vector field across the model's surface and through gradient-based optimization techniques, the vertices are shifted to obtain the modified flux values. The watermark can be extracted through the recomputation of the surface integrals and compared using correlation measures. This algorithm is invariant to Euclidean transformations including rotations and translation, reduces distortion, and achieves improved robustness to additive noise.