Review on energy saving and emission reduction strategies of green container ports

The energy saving and emission reduction strategies of green container ports were reviewed, the research achievements of the measures and effect quantification for energy saving and emission reduction in terms of ships, yard cranes, trucks, and quay cranes were summarized, and the future research directions were proposed. Research results show that marine alternative fuels, including liquefied natural gas ( LNG), biofuels, and renewable energy show great potential in emission reduction. In terms of difficulties in the application of ships powered by alternative fuels, future research can be carried out to analyze the construction time sequence of supporting facilities by alternative fuels and the determination of subsidy policies. On the basis of different emission coefficients of different regions, CO2emissions of ships can be reduced by 48. 0%-70. 0% by applying shore power technologies. In view of the low utilization rate of shore power facilities, the pricing of shore power and the time sequence of retrofitting ship and port supporting facilities will become the focus of future research. Reducing ship speed can reduce 8. 0%-20. 0% CO2emission from ships at port. The CO2emissions of ships at port cannot be significantly cut by shortening unproductive waiting time and auxiliary operation time of ships, and how to reduce the waiting time of ships at port by reasonable scheduling of port resources can be studied in the future. SO2emission of ships can be cut by 33. 0%-34. 6 % by setting up sulfur emission control areas, and research on the impact of emission control areas on ship operation and port operation can be carried out. Energy saving and emission reduction measures for yard cranes, trucks, and quay cranes mainly concentrate on equipment transformation and scheduling optimization, and research can be conducted on the time sequence of retrofitting existing facilities and equipments for energy saving, and the comprehensive emission reduction effect under the integration of various emission reduction measures of ships and loading/unloading equipments at port. The application of new energy supply system at port is still in its infancy, and the design method of new energy system can be studied to build a clean and low-carbon port energy system in future. 5 tabs, 4 figs, 130 refs. © 2022 Chang'an University. All rights reserved.