Health sciences librarians' instructional engagement in continuing education: a scoping review

Objective: Healthcare professionals (HCPs) have an ongoing need for continuing education (CE) while Health Science Librarians (HSLs), accustomed to supporting a range of learning needs in a variety of contexts, are well situated to provide CE that addresses information retrieval, literacy, management, and more. To better understand the extent of HSL delivered CE activities, we undertook a scoping review to determine how HSLs instruct practicing HCPs in support of their CE. Methods: We searched for published and unpublished literature sources including PubMed (NCBI), Embase (Elsevier); Dissertations and Theses Global (ProQuest); CINAHL (EBSCO); Library, Information Science and Technology Abstracts (EBSCO); and Library Literature and Information Science Full Text (EBSCO). To identify unpublished sources, we searched the internet using Google and contacted two health sciences library listservs. We also performed backwards and forwards searching of our included sources. Results: Our database searches yielded 4842 sources, and we retrieved an additional 579 sources through supplementary retrieval methods. After duplicate removal and screening, we included 105 sources in this review. The included sources were published between 1970 to 2021 and covered a range of topics such as searching methods and tools, critical appraisal, and many more. Those related to evidence -based practice (EBP) appeared around 2001 and bibliometrics and bioinformatics arose after 2016. Publications depicting HSLs teaching CE most commonly occurred in academic settings. The most common population taught was nurses, followed by physicians. Most sources did not report using an information literacy framework or instructional design model, undertaking needs assessments, or reporting formal objectives or assessment. Conclusion: While HSLs are active supporters of EBP, we need to apply the same principles to our own professional practice. Formal structure of programming and program assessment combined with clear, detailed reporting can help to build a more robust evidence base to support future CE provision.