Data-driven models and digital twins for sustainable combustion technologies

We highlight the critical role of data in developing sustainable combustion technologies for industries requiring high -density and localized energy sources. Combustion systems are complex and difficult to predict, and high-fidelity simulations are out of reach for practical systems because of computational cost. Data -driven approaches and artificial intelligence offer promising solutions, enabling renewable synthetic fuels to meet decarbonization goals. We discuss open challenges associated with the availability and fidelity of data, physics -based numerical simulations, and machine learning, focusing on developing digital twins capable of mirroring the behavior of industrial combustion systems and continuously updating based on newly available information.