Impact of Lifestyle and Dietary Habits on the Prevalence of Acne Vulgaris: A Cross-Sectional Study From Saudi Arabia

BackgroundAcne vulgaris is a prevalent dermatological condition worldwide, with its impact significantly influenced byvarious genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Despite its global prevalence, data on acne'sprevalence and risk factors in Saudi Arabia remain sparse. This study aims to fill this gap by examining theprevalence of acne vulgaris and identifying associated lifestyle and environmental risk factors within theSaudi population.MethodologyEmploying a cross-sectional survey-based design, this study collected data from a representative sample ofthe Saudi population aged 18 years and older. Participants were selected through stratified random samplingand completed a self-administered online questionnaire covering demographic information, lifestyle factors,and acne history. Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariablelogistic regression, were utilized to identify significant risk factors associated with acne vulgaris.ResultsThe survey, completed by 1,983 participants, revealed a diverse age distribution with a slight predominanceof the 21-25-year age group (32.5%). Gender distribution was nearly balanced (52% female, 48% male), andthe majority were single (67.3%). Lifestyle assessments indicated varied water intake, with a significantportion consuming less than 1-2 L per day. Sleep duration for most fell within the 5-7 hours range. Fast foodconsumption was frequent among 24% of respondents, and physical activity levels showed 40% ofparticipants exercised minimally. Notably, 72% reported a history of acne, predominantly beginningbetween ages 16 and 20. Acne was mainly mild to moderate in severity and primarily affected the face.Treatment was sought by 60%, with a preference for topical solutions. Awareness around acne causes wasmoderate, with a high consensus on the impact of stress and diet on acne development.ConclusionsAcne vulgaris in Saudi Arabia is significantly associated with various modifiable lifestyle factors, suggestingthat interventions focusing on lifestyle modifications may be effective in managing and preventing acne.This study advocates for the integration of lifestyle counseling into acne treatment protocols, offering aholistic approach to managing this pervasive condition