Terahertz spectral analysis: An in-depth exploration of spectroscopy approaches for ultrafast dynamics

Terahertz (THz) radiation, located on the electromagnetic spectrum between microwaves and infrared, gives significant interest due to its remarkable potential in various applications, ranging from spectroscopy and imaging to materials science. Intense THz source, powered by laser-driven accelerators, have been emerged in a new era in THz research, offering high intensity, coherence, and tunability. This breakthrough has sparked innovations in ultrafast science by enabling researchers to explore previously inaccessible realms of physics, chemistry, and materials dynamics. We discuss recent advancements in the generation and detection of THz radiation facilitated by high power laser and electron accelerator in fs-THz beamline at Pohang Accelerator Laboratory. Furthermore, it highlights the unique capabilities of fs-THz beamline in revolutionizing fields such as ultrafast spectroscopy and accelerator-based researches.