Prevalence and severity of periodontitis in a population with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis: a clinical cross-sectional study

The correlation between periodontitis and chronic renal disease (CRD) is still being debated. Periodontitis increases the systemic inflammatory burden, which worsens CRD, and the CRD can affect the progression of periodontal disease. We don’t fully understand how one disease can affect another disease. As a result, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of periodontitis in patients requiring hemodialysis, as well as the relationship between various clinical periodontal parameters and serum creatinine, serum albumin, and blood urea. This cross-sectional study included 167 participants with chronic renal diseases undergoing hemodialysis. Patients’ data was collected with face-to-face interviews, followed by biochemical investigations for each participant. Modified Plaque Score and Modified Bleeding Score were recorded. Probing depth and clinical attachment level were measured. The subjects were categorized into three groups: periodontally healthy individuals, gingivitis and periodontitis. The severity of periodontitis has been identified. Out of 167 subjects who participated in the study, 101 were male and 66 were female, with a mean age of 50.45 years. Poor oral hygiene and periodontitis were found to be much higher among dialysis patients. 98.8% of them had periodontitis and 63.0% had severe forms (stage III and IV). A significant positive correlation between serum albumin and staging of periodontitis was also observed (p = 0.03). Severe periodontal diseases were more prevalent among patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis and a substantial drop in albumin levels is linked to severe periodontitis, which may increase the chance of morbidity and death in these individuals.