Multi-functional Landscape Identification and Territorial Space Planning Zoning in Yantai City based on Big Data of Natural Resources

By virtue of providing multiple landscape functions, multi- functional landscape is considered as an important way to relieve the pressure of ecological environment. Supported by the big data of natural resources, the multi- functional landscape research, based on the grass- roots administrative management unit, can more quickly and accurately reflect the spatial characteristics and regional differences of regional physical geography pattern and social- economic development pattern. It can also effectively combine the landscape function management with administrative management, providing technically support for the planning and zoning of territorial space in the aspects of functional assessment and spatial identification. Taking Yantai City as an example, we extensively collected the big data of natural resources, including land use data, natural resource survey and evaluation data, climate data, and multi-source remote sensing data. The natural resource data were used along with the social economy data and Point Of Interest (POI) data to quantify the spatial patterns of Yantai's six typical landscape functions (Biodiversity maintenance, Carbon sequestration, Soil retention, Crop production, Residential support, Economic activity support) using InVEST model, CASA model, Universal soil loss equations, kernel density analysis, and other methods. The village- level management unit was selected as the basic spatial unit to identify multi- functional landscape areas through the spatial superposition method as well as hot spot analysis. Meanwhile, the trade-offs and coordination between various landscape functions were explored by Spearman's correlation coefficient analysis. Finally, based on the second- order clustering method, the functional clustering of the landscape was conducted and the planning and zoning of territorial space in Yantai City was carried out. The protection and development strategies of various functional zoning were proposed. Results showed that 35.5% of village- level management units are multi- functional landscape hot spots, most of which locate in the contiguous mountain forest in the middle of Yantai City, namely, the junction of various cities. The other 24.1% of village-level management units are hot spots of two landscape functions, indicating a good landscape functional diversity of Yantai City. Meanwhile, the significant correlation between landscape functions shows a synergistic effect of the natural landscape functions. However, there is a significant spatial conflict between the residential and economic support functions. Based on the clustering results of landscape functions at village-level management units, Yantai City was divided into ecological protection areas, agricultural and rural development areas, urban functional development areas, and urban core areas, whose area proportions are 30%, 55%, 11% and 4%, respectively. There was a strong spatial consistency and coordination between the planning division and the current management boundary, indicating that under the support of big data of natural resources, the planning and zoning of territorial space based on landscape function clustering analysis is quite accurate and practical. © 2021, Science Press. All right reserved.