Effect of fabrication parameters on the ferroelectricity of hafnium zirconium oxide films: A statistical study

Ferroelectricity in hafnium zirconium oxide (Hf1 -xZrxO2) and the factors that impact it have been a popular research topic since its discovery in 2011. Although the general trends are known, the interactions between fabrication parameters and their effect on the ferroelectricity of Hf1 -xZrxO2 require further investigation. In this paper, we present a statistical study and a model that relates Zr concentration (x), film thickness (t(f)), and annealing temperature (T-a) with the remanent polarization (P-r) in tungsten (W)-capped Hf1 -xZrxO2. This work involved the fabrication and characterization of 36 samples containing multiple sets of metal-ferroelectric-metal capacitors while varying x (0.26, 0.48, and 0.57), t(f) (10 and 19 nm), and T-a (300, 400, 500, and 600 degrees C). In addition to the well-understood effects of x and T-a on the ferroelectricity of Hf1 -xZrxO2, the statistical analysis showed that thicker Hf1 -xZrxO2 films or films with higher x require lower Ta to crystallize and demonstrated that there is no statistical difference between samples annealed to 500 and 600 degrees C, thus suggesting that most films fully crystallize with T-a similar to 500 degrees C for 60 s. Our model explains 95% of the variability in the Pr data for the films fabricated, presents the estimates of the phase composition of the film, and provides a starting point for selecting fabrication parameters when a specific P-r is desired.