Continued care and provision of glasses are necessary to improve visual and academic outcomes in children: Experience from a cluster-randomized controlled trial of school-based vision screening

被引:0
|
作者
Nishimura, Mayu [1 ,2 ]
Wong, Agnes [2 ,3 ,4 ]
Maurer, Daphne [1 ,4 ]
机构
[1] McMaster Univ, Dept Psychol Neurosci & Behav, Hamilton, ON, Canada
[2] Hosp Sick Children, Dept Ophthalmol & Vis Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada
[3] Univ Toronto, Dept Ophthalmol & Vis Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada
[4] Univ Toronto, Dalla Lana Sch Publ Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada
关键词
Amblyopia (developmental); Refractive errors; Vision screening; Strabismus; Amblyopie (d & eacute; veloppementale); troubles de la r & eacute; fraction oculaire; d & eacute; pistage visuel; strabisme; AGED; 6; MONTHS; RISK-FACTORS; AMBLYOPIA; GUIDELINES; HYPEROPIA; LITERACY; INFANTS; PROGRAM;
D O I
10.17269/s41997-024-00884-8
中图分类号
R1 [预防医学、卫生学];
学科分类号
1004 ; 120402 ;
摘要
Objective To assess the effectiveness of a kindergarten vision screening program by randomly assigning schools to receive or not receive vision screening, then following up 1.5 years later.Methods Fifty high-needs elementary schools were randomly assigned to participate or not in a vision screening program for children in senior kindergarten (SK; age 5-6 years). When the children were in Grade 2 (age 6-7 years), vision screening was conducted at all 50 schools.Results Contrary to expectations, screened and non-screened schools did not differ in the prevalence of suspected amblyopia in Grade 2 (8.6% vs. 7.5%, p = 0.10), nor prevalence of other visual problems such as astigmatism (45.1% vs. 47.1%, p = 0.51). There was also no difference between screened and non-screened schools in academic outcomes such as the proportion of children below grade level in reading (33% vs. 29%) or math (44% vs. 38%) (p = 0.86). However, more children were wearing glasses in screened than in non-screened schools (10.2% vs. 7.8%, p = 0.05), and more children reported their glasses as missing or broken (8.3% vs. 4.7%, p = 0.01), suggesting that SK screening had identified successfully those in need of glasses. Examination of individual results revealed that 72% of children diagnosed and treated for amblyopia in SK no longer had amblyopia in Grade 2.Conclusion The prevalence of amblyopia and other visual problems was not reduced in Grade 2 by our SK vision screening program, perhaps because of poor treatment compliance and high attrition. The results suggest that a single screening intervention is insufficient to reduce visual problems among young children. However, the data from individuals with amblyopia suggest that continuing vision care and access to glasses benefits children, especially children from lower socioeconomic class. Objectif & Eacute;valuer l'efficacit & eacute; d'un programme de d & eacute;pistage visuel & agrave; l'& eacute;cole maternelle (EM) en assignant al & eacute;atoirement des & eacute;coles & agrave; participer ou non & agrave; un tel programme, puis en faisant un suivi un an et demi apr & egrave;s.M & eacute;thodes Cinquante & eacute;coles primaires pour & eacute;tudiants et & eacute;tudiantes ayant des besoins importants ont & eacute;t & eacute; assign & eacute;es al & eacute;atoirement & agrave; participer ou non & agrave; un programme de d & eacute;pistage visuel aupr & egrave;s des enfants fr & eacute;quentant la maternelle (EM; 5-6 ans). Lorsque ces enfants & eacute;taient en 2e ann & eacute;e (6-7 ans), un d & eacute;pistage visuel a & eacute;t & eacute; effectu & eacute; dans les 50 & eacute;coles.R & eacute;sultats Contre toute attente, il n'y a pas eu de diff & eacute;rence entre les & eacute;coles ayant particip & eacute; ou non au d & eacute;pistage dans la pr & eacute;valence de l'amblyopie pr & eacute;sum & eacute;e en 2e ann & eacute;e (8,6 % contre 7,5 %, p = 0,10), ni dans la pr & eacute;valence d'autres probl & egrave;mes de vision comme l'astigmatisme (45,1 % contre 47,1 %, p = 0,51). Il n'y a pas eu non plus de diff & eacute;rence dans les r & eacute;sultats scolaires des deux groupes d'& eacute;coles, comme la proportion d'enfants dont le niveau en lecture (33 % contre 29 %) ou en math & eacute;matiques (44 % contre 38 %), p = 0,86, ne correspondait pas & agrave; leur ann & eacute;e d'& eacute;tude. Cependant, le nombre d'enfants portant des lunettes & eacute;tait plus & eacute;lev & eacute; dans les & eacute;coles ayant particip & eacute; au d & eacute;pistage que dans les autres & eacute;coles (10,2 % contre 7,8 %, p = 0,05), ainsi que le nombre d'enfants disant avoir perdu ou bris & eacute; leurs lunettes (8,3 % contre 4,7 %, p = 0,01), ce qui indique que le d & eacute;pistage en maternelle a identifi & eacute; avec succ & egrave;s les enfants ayant besoin de lunettes. L'examen des r & eacute;sultats individuels a r & eacute;v & eacute;l & eacute; que 72 % des enfants diagnostiqu & eacute;s et trait & eacute;s pour l'amblyopie en maternelle ne pr & eacute;sentaient plus d'amblyopie en 2e ann & eacute;e.Conclusion Notre programme de d & eacute;pistage visuel & agrave; l'& eacute;cole maternelle n'a pas r & eacute;duit la pr & eacute;valence de l'amblyopie et d'autres probl & egrave;mes de vision en 2e ann & eacute;e, peut-& ecirc;tre en raison du manque d'assiduit & eacute; au traitement et d'une attrition importante. Les r & eacute;sultats indiquent qu'une seule intervention de d & eacute;pistage ne suffit pas & agrave; r & eacute;duire les probl & egrave;mes de vision chez les jeunes enfants. Cependant, les donn & eacute;es individuelles des sujets pr & eacute;sentant une amblyopie indiquent qu'il est avantageux pour les enfants, et surtout ceux de la classe socio & eacute;conomique inf & eacute;rieure, de continuer de recevoir des soins de la vue et d'avoir acc & egrave;s & agrave; des lunettes.
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页码:688 / 698
页数:11
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