Breast cancer awareness in reproductive women in the low-and middle-income countries: a scoping review

Objective: This study aimed to assess breast cancer(BC) awareness among reproductive women in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs), identify influencing factors, and propose feasible interventions or programs. Methods: We followed a 5-step process using a modified version of Arksey and O'Malley framework methodology. A comprehensive search was conducted on the Embase, Pub Med, and CINAHL electronic databases for literature published within 10 years(from 2012 to 2022). Results: Thirty-three papers published between 2012 and 2020, spanning 18 countries, were included. Of these, 45.6% described a good level of knowledge, while 24.2% reported that women at reproductive ages had good awareness. Twelve influencing factors were identified in 3 categories: socio-demographic(family history, personal history, marital status, age, religion, income status, living place, and occupation), personal(self-efficacy, education, and perceived level), and external(advertisements promoting awareness). Educational programs were recommended in most(>72%) of the included studies. Conclusions: While most studies reported high levels of knowledge and awareness, some found low prevalence among certain groups. Factors affecting knowledge and awareness were classified into socio-demographic, personal, and external categories, with sociodemographic factors such as age, education, income, and marital status being the most frequently cited. The studies recommended implementing educational programs, health prevention strategies, and social interventions to increase BC knowledge and awareness.