From November 1985 to July 1993, 29 out of 241 patients (12%) who underwent heart transplantation (HTx) at our institution had one or more ''classical'' contraindications to HTx: age greater than or equal to 60 years (20 patients); insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (5 patients); irreversible renal failure requiring combined heart-kidney transplantation (2 patients); previous Surgery for malignancy (1 patient); familial hypercholesterolemia (1 patient) and active systemic infection (1 patient). The main indication for HTx was ischemic cardiomyopathy (21 patients, 61%). Immunosuppression regimen consisted of Cyclosporine and Azathioprine, oral prednisone being subsequently added in 6 patients because of persistent rejection, There were 2 perioperative deaths and one late death. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 88 months (mean, 28 +/- 20) with an actuarial survival at 5 years of 85 +/- 8%. Annual cardiac catheterization demonstrated normal graft function and coronary arteries in all. No significant differences in survival, incidence of rejection and infection, renal function and duration of hospitalization were found when these patients were compared with those with no contraindications to HTx. In conclusion, HTx can be performed with good early clinical results in selected patients with ''classical'' contraindications to HTx; longer follow-up, however, is needed to confirm whether extension of the recipient selection criteria justified.
