SOCIAL EXCLUSION OF ORPHANS AS A DETERMINANT OF CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR

The paper analyses the risks of orphans' social exclusion as a factor provoking criminogenic behavior. The authors conclude that harmful objective and subjective factors cause deprivation and deviant behavior of orphans. Insufficient accessibility of legitimate social mechanisms to satisfy basic needs of children and the dysfunction of social institutions are named as the key causes of social exclusion. The authors pay special attention to the analysis of orphans' labor exclusion and its forms as this exclusion has been poorly researched. It is labor exclusion that reflects long-term consequences of orphanhood as a social issue. The authors also use quantitative (questionnaire survey) and qualitative (interview) sociological research of orphanage graduates to analyze the causes and specific features of orphans' social exclusion in the sphere of employment as a determinant of criminogenic behavior. They describe the socio-economic and legal issues facing orphans on the labor market. The authors also pay attention to violations of their basic rights in the sociolabor sphere and their high involvement in shadow economy. Orphans are often unable to exercise their labor and social rights, which reduces their competitiveness. The paper presents an analysis of orphans' labor practices characterizing the key issues of exclusion and deviant behavior as well as enumerates the factors determining success or failure of orphans on the labor market. The authors stress the necessity of researching the issue of exclusion from employment and finding ways of overcoming it to prevent criminogenic behavior of orphans.