OCCUPATIONAL ROLES AND EXPECTATIONS OF RESEARCH SCIENTISTS AND RESEARCH MANAGERS IN SCIENTIFIC-RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS

Publicly funded research institutes in most countries have been pressed by economic and political pressures through the 1990s to become more financially independent, to be more accountable and to adopt more businesslike principles and practices. In this context the occupational roles and career options for scientists and research managers in these organisations have undergone considerable change. As the research cultures of these institutions take on a more commercial perspective, new and critical career path choices for both researchers and the organisations themselves have emerged. This article focuses on the changing occupational roles of research scientists and research managers in the Australian CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and industrial Research Organisation), one of the world's largest multidisciplinary research organisations. Two critical occupational pathways are discussed: one between science and science management and another between science management and commercial management. Key points where the pathways diverge are identified and linked to broader issues of organisational cu Itu re and human resource management. The authors argue that research institutes such as the Australian CSIRO require a 'multicultural' management approach that horizontally integrates the industrial, scientific and commercial domains of the organisations' research cultures.