THE CONNECTION BETWEEN OPEN AND CLOSED SOCIETIES IN POPPER AND BERGSON

Even though the concepts of open and closed societies are not essentiallly changed by Popper when borrowing them from Bergson, the dynamic between the two is concieved by Popper in a radically different manner. The difference between holding that the human society has a by default tendency to close (Bergson) and holding that the human society has a by default tendency to open (Popper) will yield, I claim, essential differences for the way the two authors may see the role of intellectuals in society.