Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus

Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) has a wide range of clinical presentations, ranging from confusion to coma accompanied by many kinds of continuous or recurrent epileptic discharges on the electroencephalogram (EEG). It may occur not only in epileptic patients but also in adults with no previous history of epilepsy. EEG is the only reliable method of diagnosing NCSE. The identification of NCSE may be particularly difficult and therefore, a high level of suspicion is essential for early diagnosis. In this review, clinical and electrophysiological findings, types, frequency, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of NCSE are discussed in the light of the relevant literature.