EXPRESSION OF ANTHOCYANINS IN CALLUS-CULTURES OF CRANBERRY (VACCINIUM MACROCARPON AIT)

Expression of anthocyanins and other flavonoids in callus cultures established from different parts of cranberry plant was investigated and the effect of explant source on the in vitro product was determined. Callus cultures were initiated from different parts of the plant in a modified Gamborg's medium with 5.37 mu M alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid, 0.45 mu M 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and 2.32 mu M kinetin in the dark at 25 degrees C. Callus cultures accumulated anthocyanins only on exposure to light and maximum concentration was observed by day 12. The cultures had lower levels of anthocyanins and only cyanidin 3-galactoside, cyanidin 3-glucoside, and cyanidin 3-arabinoside were identified in all cultures regardless of source of explant. Proanthocyanidin accumulation in cultures was independent of light, and levels were higher than in mature fruit. Exposure to light induced accumulation of flavonols and enhanced activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in the cultures.