CONDENSED MATTER ELECTRON MOMENTUM SPECTROMETER WITH PARALLEL DETECTION IN ENERGY AND MOMENTUM

An electron momentum spectrometer has been constructed which measures electron binding energies and momenta by fully determining the kinematics of the incident, scattered, and ejected electrons resulting from (e,2e) ionizing collisions in a thin solid foil. The spectrometer operates with incident beam energies of 20-30 keV in an asymmetric, non-coplanar scattering geometry. Bethe ridge kinematics are used which for 20 keV incident energy has scattered electron energies of 18.8 keV at a polar angle of theta(s) = 14-degrees and azimuthal angles phi(s) in the range from -18-degrees to +18-degrees and ejected electrons of 1.2 keV and theta(e) = 76-degrees with phi(e) = pi +/- 6-degrees. The technique uses transmission through the target foil, but it is most sensitive to the surface from which the 1.2 keV electrons emerge, to a depth of about 2 nm. Scattered and ejected electron energies and azimuthal angles are detected in parallel using position sensitive detection, yielding true coincidence count rates of 6 Hz from a 5.5 nm thick evaporated carbon target and an incident beam current of around 100 nA. The energy resolution is approximately 1.3 eV and momentum resolution approximately 0. 15 a0(-1). The energy resolution could readily be improved by monochromating the incident electron beam.