KEMEROVO REGION SURFACE WATER POLLUTION ANALYSIS (BY EXAMPLE OF THE RIVER TOM)

The last years all the water bodies suffer from the increasing human impact. It is connected with the rapid growth of cities and industrial plants production, which exert an impact upon the surface water by pouring heated and polluted water into the water bodies. The significance of the human impact on ecological state determination of different kinds of water bodies is different. The industrial pollution sources play the main role for the river Tom. They are situated in Kemerovo region near big towns. But lately such factors as vehicles, garages, littered and polluted areas are more common. In this work Kemerovo region surface water pollution main features are examined by example of the Tom River (during 2006 - 2010). The main contaminants are oil products; phenol; nitrogen, iron, zinc and copper compounds; chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand. The main materials for the research were taken from the observation data of the hydrological and hydrochemical condition of Kemerovo region water bodies. The Kemerovo Region Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring Centre prepared these materials during 2006-2010. Only one water body - the Tom River - is considered in this work. It concludes 5 points of observations (Luzhba settlement, Mezhdurechensk, Novokuznetsk, urban-type village Krapivinskiy, Kemerovo) and 11 water control points. The length of the Tom River in this section is 450 km. The following conclusions can be made after the data analysis of the contaminants concentration in the river Tom for the given period: 1. The highest concentrations of ammonium nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, biochemical oxygen demand, petrochemical products, phenol, and chemical oxygen demand were registered 30 km below Novokuznetsk. It is connected with the big amount of Novokuznetsk sewage waters. There are many different plants here - from ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy industry to thermal power plants. 2. In 2010 the most polluted was the water control point behind Novokuznetsk, where the water pollution index was 4.08 ("dirty" water). 3. The highest concentrations of ferrum and zinc were marked in the control points of Krapivinskiy and near Kemerovo. 4. Integrally, the water control points in the area of Kemerovo and Mezhdurechensk are less polluted. It is because of the contaminants dilute in the water and their concentration decrease, because the water discharge in the Tom River increases from 630 m(3)/day near Novokuznetsk to 1 100 m(3)/day near Kemerovo. And in the case of Mezhdurechensk such a situation is connected with the absence of a big load on the water body. Mezhdurechensk is situated upstream and all the other polluted towns and plants are located downstream.