35 YEARS OF LONG-TERM STATIONARY FERTILIZER TRIALS CONDUCTED IN BOHEMIA, MORAVIA AND SLOVAKIA

Scientific studies dealing with purposeful usage of nutrient inputs and their highest as possible utilization in the process of photosynthesis cannot manage without experimental base of long-term trials performed under different soil and climatic conditions. Such trials exist also in our country at five sites (Pohorelice u Brna, Ivanovice na Hane, Caslav near Kutna Hora and Lukavec near Pacov in the Czech Republic; Viglas-Pstrusa near Zvolen in the Slovak Republic). These long-term stationary fertilizer trials (marked as VOP) were established after unified methodology and till now they are uniformly methodologically conducted at the Research Institute for Crop Production in Praha-Ruzyne (Doc. Ing. J. Baier, DrSc). 20 trials were carried out in total, four trials at each site with different crops uniformly rotating. Basic site and climatic conditions of the trials VOP are presented in Tabs I and II. An outline of crops uniformly classified into mentioned trials in the past ten years (identical crops at each site) gives Tab. M. Each trial consists of uniform scheme of 12 various treatments four times replicated (a, b, c, d). Their distribution within the trial is schematically given in Fig. 1. The size of fertilized plot was 8 m x 8 m = 64 m2, or 9 m x 9 m = 81 m2, harvested part is of 25 m2. Fertilizing treatments are uniform and permanently fixed in all 20 trials and are marked and schematically presented in Tab. IV. Inorganic analyses of plants were used to study the nutritive conditions of all crops and agrochemical soil analyses studied the dynamics of nutrients in soil. Special analyses in certain intervals or in certain crops investigate the contents of microelements (of heavy metals too), nitrates, quality indicators of harvested products and others. Presented analytical data enable reveal the yield reaction of crops to fertilizing by the dynamics of nutrient uptake studied and their utilization for the yield and quality formations, along with impact on soil fertility and environment.