INTERACTIVE INNER-EAR MIDDLE-EAR DISEASE, INCLUDING PERILYMPHATIC FISTULA

Pathologic interactions between the middle ear and inner ear occur with 1) congenital anomalies, 2) trauma, 3) infection/inflammation, 4) tumors, 5) granulomas, 6) ototoxic eardrops, 7) cochlear implants, 8) otosclerosis, 9) Meniere's disease (decompensated) and Meniere's disease (with perilymphatic fistula), and 10) perilymphatic hypertension. Clinical and pathological characteristics are briefly categorized in this survey. Comments are made concerning the clinical utility of exploratory tympanotomy in diagnosis and treatment of pathologic conditions in the middle ear and pathologic conditions that are interactive between middle ear and inner ear.