Neutrophil functions in late preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome

Background: Studies that have addressed the effects of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) on neutrophil function suggested that neutrophil functions other than the generation of the respiratory burst are not impaired. Yet, results have been confusing and in some cases contradictory. Objectives: The aim of this cross-sectional controlled study is to assess neutrophil number and function in late preterm neonates with RDS. Methods: Thirty patients underwent clinical and laboratory evaluation including complete blood counts and tests of neutrophil functions (CD11b, CD62L and Dihydrorhodamine 123 by flowcytometry) in comparison to 15 healthy term controls. RDS was assessed clinically and radiologically (chest x-ray). Results: Fifty percent of patients (12 females and 18 males) had grade II respiratory distress followed by grade III then grade I. DHR, CD 11b and CD62L results were lower among the patients group (mean +/- SD: 62.1 +/- 12.23, 63.22 +/- 11.41, 15.03 +/- 8.7 respectively). There were no significant correlations between neutrophils count, DHR, CD11b and CD62L. Only CD11b was significantly lower with higher grades of RDS. Conclusion: Neonates with RDS show variable affection of neutrophil functions. Further studies are recommended to elucidate the exact mechanisms by which RDS can affect neutrophil functions and whether these effects are associated with increased incidence of infections.