Twenty-eight species of lichens of the family Cladoniaceae are reported from the Falkland Islands. Twelve species and one subspecies are new records for the area. The new species Cladonia anserina Ahti is described. New reports on chemistry include thamnolic acid in C. luteoalba Wheldon & A. Wilson and isousnic acid in C. subchordalis A. Evans, The taxa include 59% of bipolar elements, while 41% are austral in distribution.