IMPROVING STEEL QUALITY BY MODIFICATION

The effect of various modifiers on nozzle obstruction and on ingot solidification, structure, and non-metallic inclusions has been investigated. It is concluded that the introduction of rare earth metal addition alloys into the ingot mould, pouring trumpet, or tundish generally leads to the formation of cerium heterogeneity in the ingot. Modification in the ladle enables the composition and morphology of non-metallic phases to be controlled. Their uniform distribution in the steel structure improves the chemical homogeneity and macrostructure of ingots.