Male reproductive function in diabetes mellitus

This article is designed to discuss data on diabetic complications negatively affecting male fertility, such as retrograde ejaculation and secondary hypogonadism that frequently occur in patients with diabetes mellitus. It has been shown that 5-10% of the DM1 patients present with retrograde ejaculation associated with long-term decompensation of carbohydrate metabolism. Over 40% of the patients with DM2 have decreased total and free testosterone levels regardless of compensation of carbohydrate metabolism. These complications are managed using neurotropic therapy (retrograde ejaculation) and stimulatory hormonal therapy (secondary hypogonadism).