Homophobia and sexism among first year's medical students at the University of Los Andes, in Merida Venezuela

Homophobia is the rejection of homosexuals who feel an emotional and physical attraction for individuals of the same sex. Several factors are associated with homophobia, with sexism, conservative political views and orthodox religious beliefs being the principal causes. Homophobia and sexism have a negative impact on society, causing social stigma and discrimination against gender and sexual minorities, limiting their access to and full enjoyment of public services, especially education and health related services. In the field of healthcare, homophobia is widespread and expressed as the mistreatment of homosexuals. In addition to being a violation of human rights, such mistreatment represents a barrier in the fight against the HIV/AIDS epidemic (since homosexuals are still one of the most susceptible groups). The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of homophobia and sexism among first year's medical students at the University of Los Andes in Merida Venezuela. The results showed a level of sexism from 27% in the studied population, the level of homophobia was over 40% and ignorance about sexual diversity stood at 70%. Homophobia was primarily driven by sexism, heterosexuality and religious practices. The results suggest a need to implement educational interventions designed to reduce homphobia early on in medical school and other healthcare professional preparation programs, in order to prevent stigma and discrimination in the provision of healthcare services by future professionals.