RETRACTED: CARDIORESPIRATORY RESPONSES TO HYPERTONIC SALINE SOLUTION IN CARDIAC OPERATIONS (Retracted article. See vol. 111, 2021)

Infusion of small volumes of hypertonic saline solution (HS) seems to be of benefit in patients with impaired perfusion. The cardiorespiratory response to a 7.2% NaC1 solution prepared in hydroxyethylstarch (HES) solution was investigated prospectively in patients undergoing prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) (HS-HES group; n = 15); 6% HES 200/0.5 solution was infused in a control group (HES group; n = 15). Volume was given preoperatively to double low pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (< 4 mm Hg) within 20 minutes. Hemodynamics, oxygen transport variables, and pulmonary gas exchange were studied before and after infusion as well as before and after CPB. Significantly less HS-HES solution (3.06 +/- 0.2 mL/kg) than 6% HES 200/0.5 solution (10.3 +/- 0.9 mL/kg) was necessary to double baseline pulmonary artery occlusion pressure. Fluid balance during CPB was negative in the HS-HES patients (-0.05 mL/kg . min CPB) and was lowest in this group even 5 hours after CPB. Mean arterial pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, and heart rate were without differences between the groups. Changes in cardiac index (+40%) and total systemic resistance (-25%) were significantly most pronounced in the HS-HES patients, continuing even until the end of operation. Pulmonary gas exchange (arterial oxygen tension, intrapulmonary right-to-left shunting) was least compromised in these patients, particularly after bypass. Oxygen consumption was without difference between the groups; oxygen delivery increased significantly more in the HS-HES patients due to the larger increase in cardiac output. It can be concluded that preoperative infusion of the new HS-HES solution was of advantage for our patients: hemodynamics were improved significantly, fluid requirement during CPB was reduced, and pulmonary gas exchange was less compromised after CPB in these patients. Thus, hypertonic solutions might offer a valuable aspect for volume replacement in cardiac surgery patients.