Cytokines in the Placenta of Pakistani Newborns with and without Intrauterine Growth Retardation

Background: Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is major risk factor for increased neonatal mortality and morbidity, with a considerable risk for permanent brain damage. The prevalence of IUGR in Pakistan1 newborns has been reported as high as 15-24%. The mechanism behind this condition remains unclear. It has been shown that cytokines play an important role in reproductive events. In the present study, we analyse gene expression and gone polymorphisms for different cytokines comparing infants with and without IUGR in a Pakistani population. The study showed significantly decreased levels of mRNA in the decidua of IUGR placentas. This gives support to our interleukin (IL-10) proposal that reduced levels of IL-10 may be involved in the pathogenesis of IUGR.