When and How Often Do We Measure BMD?

Indications for bone mineral density (BMD) tests to diagnose and manage osteoporosis have been defined in international guidelines. BMD measurements should not be used as isolated examinations but combined with a compulsory and comprehensive evaluation of clinical risk factors and laboratory tests. Computer-assisted prediction tools may be helpful in estimating the patients' individual risk. BMD testing intervals depend on the course of the disease and should be scheduled between one (after initiating or changing therapy) and 5 years. It remains to be investigated whether an earlier selective screening should be recommended since a remarkable number of women with fragility fractures are below the age of 65.