Input-output ratio of energy used on rice under convensional and organic farming

All inputs into agro-ecosystems can be expressed in terms of energy which is a key input in production processes. Many environmental issues are associated to the production, transformation and use of energy. Improvements in energy efficiency will lead to more environment-friendly production systems. The objectives of the study are to develop an effective framework to carry out energy accounting operation in rice farming and to assess energy use of the existing rice production systems. This paper compares the energy use of 24 group paddy producers in two districts in East Java Province. The energy-ratio (output energy to input energy ratio), denoted by GJ, of farmers in crop production systems is indices that can define the efficiency and sustainability of farms.