Surgical treatment of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome. Arthroscopy-mini-open-surgical hip dislocation

Background: Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) is one of the most common prearthritic hip deformities. Since FAIS is a mechanical pathology, surgical correction of the underlying deformity is the sole causal treatment. If surgery is indicated, a surgical technique that results in complete deformity correction with least morbidity should be selected. Arthroscopy: Due to advancements in techniques and instruments, most pathologies in FAIS can nowadays be addressed arthroscopically. Hip arthroscopy can be successfully performed if the locations of the pathologies are anterior and lateral. Mini-open approach: In special cases and indications-like periarticular pathologies, pathologies of the hip capsule and large labral reconstructions and transplantations, a combination of arthroscopy with a mini-open approach is advantageous. Furthermore, the learning curve of hip arthroscopy can be improved with an additional open approach. Surgical hip dislocation: Global and circumferential pathologies still have to be addressed in surgical hip dislocation to avoid residual deformities. Finally, extraarticular osteotomies have to be considered in cases with significant rotational deformities.