Intensification of blood pressure treatment in Pasifika people with type 2 diabetes and renal disease: a cohort study in primary care

Background Chronic kidney disease is common in Pasifika people with type 2 diabetes. Lowering blood pressure (BP) and reducing proteinuria may slow the rate of progression of renal disease. Method We conducted a 2-year study in patients with type 2 diabetes with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >= 40ml/mmin/1.73m(2) and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) >= 40 mg/mmol to evaluate a community-based programme aimed at optimising BP. Primary outcomes included BP reduction, remission of albuminuria and change in eGFR. Results Thirty-nine of 47 patients completed >= 17 months of intervention. The mean age was 53 +/- 8 years; 77% were male. An increase in antihypertensive therapy intensity was accompanied by a median (IQR) reduction in BP of 13[-1.5-22.5)/12(1-19) mmHg p<0.05] and urinary ACR (51(20-97) vs. 126(65-194) mg/mmol, p<0.05). Twelve (28%) of 43 patients achieving remission of albuminuria had a faster eGFR loss in the first year compared to the non-remitting group [ 13.6(4.0-16.6) vs. 3.5(-0.97-7.5) ml/min/1.73m(2) /year, (p=0.02), but the rate of loss slowed in the second year. Two patients reached ESRF. Conclusion This community-based programme was effective in lowering BP and urinary ACR. In patients who achieved remission of albuminuria, a slower eGFR decline was observed after 12 months.