Intellectual capital, impact factor on competitiveness: manufacturing industry SMEs in Mexico

Purpose - The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of the intellectual capital (IC) on the competitiveness in the manufacturing small-and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Mexico. Design/methodology/approach - The approach of this investigation is developing a theoretical construct to determine the correlation between IC and competitiveness and find the most relevant factors that impact it, where IC is independent variable and the competitiveness is dependant variable. Using the Likert scale to determine the degree of agreement or disagreement, the survey was applied to 420 SMEs. The results were analysed using confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha and subsequently structural equation models. Findings - The results show that the IC dimensions - the information obtained, IC developed and learning and feedback - have an effect on the competitiveness of SMEs. The paper presents the theoretical validation of the factors that impact on IC and competitiveness and hence they are the key elements that impact mostly on each analysed variable. Practical implications - The results obtained measure the level of correlation between the variables in the study, helping to design strategies for the key factors needed to integrate the IC and to develop competitive synergies in the manufacturing SMEs. Originality/value - This study shows the effects of the IC that are directly impacting the competitiveness of SMEs so that each factor of the dependent and independent variables should be analysed separately to propose improvements in implementing IC to seek higher level of competitiveness.