MODULATION OF HEPATIC SINUSOIDAL ENDOTHELIAL-CELL FUNCTION BY KUPFFER CELLS - AN EXAMPLE OF INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION IN THE LIVER

We tested the hypothesis that Kupffer cells modulate sinusoidal endothelial cell function in the liver. Rats were treated with Kupffer cell-depleting agents (gadolinium chloride and liposome encapsulated dichloromethylene diphosphonate) or with inhibitors of phospholipase A(2) or leukotriene A(4) synthase (dexamethasone and diethylcarbamazine, respectively). Hyaluronan uptake by the isolated, perfused liver was measured as an index of the functional state of the sinusoidal endothelial cell. Plasma hyaluronan con centration was also determined. Three hours after Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide administration (100 mu g/100 gm body wt, intravenously) plasma hyaluronan levels were significantly increased (280% to 320%), whereas hepatic hyaluronan uptake markedly decreased (approximately 76%). treatment with gadolinium chloride (0.5 mg/100 gm body wt, intravenously, 21 hr before saline solution or lipopolysaccharide administration), liposome-encapsulated dichloromethylene diphosphonate (40 mu mol/100 gm body wt, intravenously, 44 hr before saline solution or lipopolysaccharide injection), dexamethasone (40 mu g/100 gm body wt, intravenously, 1 hr before saline solution or lipopolysaccharide administration) or diethylcarbamazine (repeated doses, 10 mg/100 gm body wt, intravenously, 1 hr before saline solution or lipopolysaccharide injection) counteracted the lipopolysaccharide inhibitory effect on hepatic hyaluronan uptake. With the exception of gadolinium chloride, all other agents also prevented the lipopolysaccharide-induced increase in plasma hyaluronan concentration. Gadolinium chloride only attenuated the lipopolysaccharide effect on plasma hyaluronan level. Taken together with earlier results from our laboratory, these data indicate that: (a) Kupffer cell activation by lipopolysaccharide results in suppression of hyaluronan uptake by sinusoidal endo thelial cells and (b) such modulation of endothelial cell function is likely mediated by products of the lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonate metabolism.