Measurement and management of intellectual capital at macro-economic level

In the knowledge-based economy, the wealth creation is associated with the development and maintenance of competitive advantages based on intangible elements. As a result, intellectual capital approaches that allow navigation from the present reality to the future vision have become critical at macro-level. The objective of this paper is to provide a solid basis to assistance to governments of nations, regions or cities in the process of developing their ability to identify, measure and manage their intangible assets. Therefore, a review of the most important intellectual capital management initiatives at macro-level is shown.