The Relations between the Kalmyks and the Peoples of the North Caucasus in the Context of Military-Political Contacts in the middle of the 17th century

The article is devoted to the initial period of establishing relations between the Kalmyks and the peoples of the North Caucasus in the middle of the 17th century, which at that time mainly had military and political nature. As a result of migration from Central Asia to the prairie lands of the Northern Caspian, not only the Nogai hordes on the Volga, Terek and Kuban were impacted by the Kalmyk cavalry, but also by other peoples of the North Caucasus, primarily Kabardians, who supported the Nogais and spoke on their side. Moscow used all political and military means against the Kalmyks transition to the right bank of the Volga and their appearance in the North Caucasus. Reflecting the first offense of the Kalmyks in 1644, Kabardian dynast could not finally stop the expansion of the Kalmyk rulers into their region as a result concluded an alliance with them. After the beginning of the Russo-Polish War of 1654-1667, Moscow state concluded a military alliance with the Kalmyks. This agreement was directed primarily against the Crimean Khanate, who took the side of the republic. The Kalmyk cavalry, already with the support of the tsarist government, again invades the North Caucasus to prevent the unification of the Crimean-Tatar and Kuban-Nogai cavalry and prevent them from joining the main military of the Russo-Polish war. The arrival of the Kalmyk people greatly changed the political alignment in the North Caucasus, and in the future was permanent of the Kalmyk people in the region during the 17th-18th centuries.