ALARM CALLING BY WILLOW TITS, PARUS-MONTANUS, AS MATE INVESTMENT

被引：40
|
作者：
HOGSTAD, O
机构：
[1] The Museum, University of Trondheim
来源：
ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR | 1995年 / 49卷 / 01期
关键词：
D O I：
10.1016/0003-3472(95)80170-7
中图分类号：
B84 [心理学]; C [社会科学总论]; Q98 [人类学];
学科分类号：
03 ; 0303 ; 030303 ; 04 ; 0402 ;
摘要：
The response of captive willow tits to a life-like, stuffed sparrowhawk, Accipiter nisus, was studied during four consecutive winters in Central Norway. Birds from 31 flocks, usually consisting of one adult mated pair, with two first-year males and two first-year females (non-kin), were studied in an outdoor aviary. When the sparrowhawk, kept 4 m away out of sight of the tits, was suddenly presented to individual birds, all the tits froze and some gave alarm calls. Adult birds gave alarm calls more frequently than juveniles, adult males more than juvenile males, and adult females more than juvenile females. Adult males gave an alarm call more frequently when they could see their mates than when they could not and alarm calling may therefore be a form of investment in the mate.
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页码：221 / 225
页数：5
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