Red ceramics from composites of hazardous sludge with foundry sand, glass waste and acid neutralization salts

This study is aimed at the development of new compositions of municipal water treatment plant sludge with foundry sand, glass waste and acid neutralization salts for red ceramics production. The chemical and mineralogical compositions of the raw materials and structure formation processes of the ceramics made from only industrial wastes were studied using XRF, XRD, SEM, EDS, LAMMA and AAS methods. The initial mixtures of these components were sintered at 900, 950,1000,1050 and 1100 degrees C for 6 h. The results indicate that the ceramics had flexion resistance strength up to 18.4 MPa (sintered at 1050 degrees C), low values of water absorption and linear shrinkage. It was shown that high values of mechanical properties can be attributed mainly to the synthesis of glassy structure formation with small inclusions of new minerals, namely corundum Al2O3, hematite Fe2O3, lazurite Na6Ca2(AlSiO4)(6)(SO4,S,Cl)(2), mullite 3Al(2)O(3)center dot 2SiO(2), nepheline (Na,K)AlSiO4 and quartz SiO2. The results of leaching and solubility tests by AAS are significantly lower than the requirements of the Brazilian standards, which demonstrates a reliable binding of heavy metals from the waste used as raw materials into insoluble compounds. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.