Suprapectoral arthroscopic tenodesis of the long biceps tendon. Results of unilateral intraosseous tendon refixation with SwiveLock screws based on force measurements and clinical scores

Background. A lack of clinical data regarding suprapectoral arthroscopic tenodesis of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHB) is evident. This study was performed to analyze the clinical results of this technique based on scores and force measurements. The affected arm was evaluated over time and compared to the ipsilateral arm. It was hypothesized that this would result in 1) improved elbow flexion force and clinical scores up to the level of the healthy ipsilateral side and 2) avoidance of a Popeye sign deformity of the upper arm. Methods. Tenodesis of the LHB was performed by arthroscopic tendon fixation using a 6.25 mm Bio-SwiveLock screw at the sulcus entrance. Out of 27 consecutive patients who were treated by this technique for isolated LHB lesions, a total of 17 patients were included in this study. Clinical scores, force and upper arm circumference measurements were performed before surgery and 3, 6 and 12 months after the intervention. Results. A significant improvement in clinical scores and force was found 6-12 months after surgery. Conclusion. Arthroscopic suprapectoral intraosseous LHB tenodesis results in a significant improvement of clinical scores and elbow flexion force with no significant differences compared to the healthy ipsilateral side within 6-12 months. A Popeye sign deformity of the biceps muscle cannot be avoided in all cases.