Vitamin D and multiple sclerosis. Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system whose etiology is unknown. Certain environmental factors, such as vitamin D, may have an influence on its pathogenesis, although the optimum threshold for vitamin D necessary to maximise its extraosseous benefits is not known. This article reviews, non-systematically, studies world-wide which relate vitamin D with MS. Overall, there are no significant differences between cases of MS and controls. In the case series, hypovitaminosis D with respect to values considered to be normal is seen in patients with MS, an observation which may also apply to healthy individuals. To be able to clarify the extent of the relationship between vitamin D and MS, further prospective studies are needed.