Anemia Incidence among Elementary School Students

Iron deficiacy anemia has been a public health problem with prevalence on 5 - 12 year old children worth 29% in Indonesia and 37.6% in Makassar. This study aimed to determine the determinant factors (worm status, zinc status, breakfast habit, consumption pattern of heme and nonheme source of food, consumption pattern of iron enhancer and inhibitor food) toward anemia incidence. The study used cross sectional design conducted in April - June 2014. The population was third to fifth grade students of Cambaya State Elementary School at Ujung Tanah District, Makassar City. Sample of 120 students were selected randomly. Data was analyzed using univariate, bivariate with chi-square test, and multivariate with logistic regression test. The results showed that the determinant factors of anemia incidence were wormy status (p value = 0.007), breakfast habits (p value = 0.002), consumption pattern of heme and non-heme source of food (p value = 0.004), and consumption pattern of iron enhancer and inhibitor (p value = 0.016). Multivariate analysis result showed that consumption pattern of heme (OR = 5.09 and 95% CI = 1.98 - 13.08) and consumption pattern of iron enhancer and inhibitor food (OR = 4.53 and 95% CI = 1. 65 - 12.43) was a major determinant of nutritional anemia.